The Topographic Fingerprint of Landscapes
Where does a channel begin? This deceptively simple question has challenged researchers for decades. Even a single major storm can reorganize an entire river network by initiating small streams, reminding us that rivers are dynamic, not static. This uncertainty complicates one of the most widely used landscape metrics: drainage density, defined as the total channel length per unit area. So, an important question arises: what lies beyond drainage density? Think about the ridging patterns on human fingertips. Shaped through genetic evolution, they become permanent markers of identity. Landscapes exhibit similar patterns. The spatial organization of ridges across a terrain can be viewed as its topographic fingerprint, preserving the imprint of climatic and geomorphic processes that shaped it over time. Building on this idea, we proposed an alternative metric: ridge density, the density of topographic ridges within a landscape (manuscript under review). Our results show t...